长难句英语句子结构划分

1、In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals.
参考译文：事实上，纵观整个生物界，从海绵到各种蠕虫、甲壳类动物以及脊椎动物（拥有脊椎的生物），如今有证据表明只有两者基因兼容或者来自亲密联系的个体时，将细胞核组织碎片移植到动物体内才是不会排斥的。

英语句子结构分析：
In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column) 这一部分都是状语，表示界定的范围在动物界，后面的there is evidence 才是正式句子，that引导了同位语从句

2、About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated, intelligence testing became unpopular.
参考译文：大概在学校等部门把注意力很合理地转移到努力保证孩子们得到公平对待时（无论他们有着什么样的背景），智力测试开始被冷落。

About the time that（引导时间状语从句 ）schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children were fairly treated.

see to it that + 从句, 表示“确保……”。
whatever their background省略的让步状语从句 。
intelligence testing became unpopular.是整个句子的主句。

3、超长托福英语句子成分分析：
Moreover, in addition to its being a transportation pathway equipped with a mammoth physical plant of tracks signals, crossings, bridges, and junctions, plus telegraph and telephone lines the railroad nurtured factory complexes, coat piles, warehouses, and generating stations, forming along its right-of-way what has aptly been called “the metropolitan corridor” of the American landscape.

主语是the railroad，谓语动词是nurtured，forming 是现在分词作状语表示伴随，
宾语: factory complexes, coat piles, warehouses, and generating stations,
状语: forming along its right-of-way what was aptly been called " the metropolitan corridor " of the American landscape.
状语: in addition to its being a transportation pathway equipped with a mamooth physical plant of tracks signals, crossings, bridges, and junctions, plus telegraph and telephone lines